Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Asia - Pacific Centre for Environmental Law
Singapore
Urban and Industrial Environmental Management, Seminar–Cum Field Trips
Rendezvous Hotel, Merevale Room 1, Level 3
Singapore
6 -12 June 2006
Organised by SINGAPORE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
and
Asia-Pacific Centre for Environmental Law (APCEL)
PROGRAMME
Prof Koh Kheng Lian: Seminar Director
Director, Asia-Pacific Centre for Environmental Law
Email: lawkohkl@nus.edus.g
The programme is accurate at the time of printing, but APCEL reserves the right to amend the programme as it deems fit
Theme: Urban and Industrial Environmental Management
Seminar-Cum Field Trips
Purpose
To build capacity in urban and industrial environmental management
Objectives
· To enable administrators and managers of urban and industrial environmental management to learn and exchange experiences and techniques in urban and industrial management with participants from some twenty countries all over the world
· To promote awareness and understanding of the issues in urban-industrial environmental management and to initiate a policy dialogue, strategies on urban industrial environmental management, including issues in compliance and enforcement
· To enhance the capacity of participants to meet the challenges of continued growth and environment pressures, taking the experience of Singapore as a model in some areas such as wastewater and pollution management, and control of freshwater quality in an urban setting
· To develop networks and partnerships among participants
· To examine the ASEAN strategies and plans of action relating to urban and industrial environmental management as an example of subregional efforts
Participants
· The seminar should be targeted at a defined group of participants with a proven need for such training
· Participants should be in a position to pass on their knowledge formally or informally after the course. In other words, there should be a multiplier effect to the course
· Participants are expected to actively contribute to the seminars. They are also required to make a 10-minute presentation on ONE of the topics included in the programme
Day 1, Tuesday, 6 June 2006
0830 hrs – 0900 hrs Registration
0900 hrs – 0945 hrs Opening Ceremony – MFA/APCEL
Welcome Address by MFA: Mr Sunny EE
Welcome Address by APCEL: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
Video Presentation on the Singapore Cooperation Programme
0945 hrs – 1015 hrs Participants’ Introduction
1015 hrs – 1030 hrs Tea Break
1030 hrs – 1045 hrs Participants’ Introduction (continuation)
1045 hrs – 1245 hrs
Singapore
Urban and Industrial Environmental Management, Seminar–Cum Field Trips
Rendezvous Hotel, Merevale Room 1, Level 3
Singapore
6 -12 June 2006
Organised by SINGAPORE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
and
Asia-Pacific Centre for Environmental Law (APCEL)
PROGRAMME
Prof Koh Kheng Lian: Seminar Director
Director, Asia-Pacific Centre for Environmental Law
Email: lawkohkl@nus.edus.g
The programme is accurate at the time of printing, but APCEL reserves the right to amend the programme as it deems fit
Theme: Urban and Industrial Environmental Management
Seminar-Cum Field Trips
Purpose
To build capacity in urban and industrial environmental management
Objectives
· To enable administrators and managers of urban and industrial environmental management to learn and exchange experiences and techniques in urban and industrial management with participants from some twenty countries all over the world
· To promote awareness and understanding of the issues in urban-industrial environmental management and to initiate a policy dialogue, strategies on urban industrial environmental management, including issues in compliance and enforcement
· To enhance the capacity of participants to meet the challenges of continued growth and environment pressures, taking the experience of Singapore as a model in some areas such as wastewater and pollution management, and control of freshwater quality in an urban setting
· To develop networks and partnerships among participants
· To examine the ASEAN strategies and plans of action relating to urban and industrial environmental management as an example of subregional efforts
Participants
· The seminar should be targeted at a defined group of participants with a proven need for such training
· Participants should be in a position to pass on their knowledge formally or informally after the course. In other words, there should be a multiplier effect to the course
· Participants are expected to actively contribute to the seminars. They are also required to make a 10-minute presentation on ONE of the topics included in the programme
Day 1, Tuesday, 6 June 2006
0830 hrs – 0900 hrs Registration
0900 hrs – 0945 hrs Opening Ceremony – MFA/APCEL
Welcome Address by MFA: Mr Sunny EE
Welcome Address by APCEL: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
Video Presentation on the Singapore Cooperation Programme
0945 hrs – 1015 hrs Participants’ Introduction
1015 hrs – 1030 hrs Tea Break
1030 hrs – 1045 hrs Participants’ Introduction (continuation)
1045 hrs – 1245 hrs
Session 1: Sustainable Urban Development: The Garden City, 'Brown’ Planning and
the Ecological Footprint
While Southeast Asia as a region has one of the lowest percentages of people living in urban areas (38% in 2005) in the world, the rapid urban growth rate is likely to see urban populations reaching 65% by 2050. In Southeast Asia, Singapore is the only fully urbanised country by virtue of its city-state status.
While Southeast Asia as a region has one of the lowest percentages of people living in urban areas (38% in 2005) in the world, the rapid urban growth rate is likely to see urban populations reaching 65% by 2050. In Southeast Asia, Singapore is the only fully urbanised country by virtue of its city-state status.
While this poses a ‘unique’ example of urban development, the manner in which the Singapore government has tackled urban issues and challenges over the decades can be with cultural modification, social sensitivity and political accommodation translated to other cities in the region. The pillars of Singapore’s urban success story lies in urban planning, pragmatic policies, legal enforcements and the tackling of brown issues. My contention is that cities are human engineered, built environments that should not be governed by ecological laws but rather the laws of human society. Singapore’s Garden City or City in the Garden planning mandate is testimony to a human contrived, constructed and manicured landscape. The secret of Singapore’s urban success story lies in its public housing programme that houses 86% of Singapore’s population and hence provides clean water, efficient garbage disposal and modern sewerage systems that ensures a clean, hygienic and liveable environment. When Singapore’s Ministry of the Environment was established in 1972 there were barely five countries in the world that had similar ministries, which demonstrates the far sighted vision of the government. However, unlike other environmental ministries that deal with green issues, Singapore’s Ministry of the Environment effectively deals with the “clean and brown issues” of Singapore.
It is quite another story if we were to measure Singapore’s environmental success by looking at its green issues (preservation of biodiversity) and ecological footprint. Given that the City-state has no natural resources and produces barely 10% of its food, it is understandable that the sustainability of Singapore’s 4.3 million population requires an ecological footprint possibly 40 to 50 times larger than its current 697 sq km of land area to maintain its current standards of living and quality of life.
Resource Person: Assoc Prof Victor SAVAGE
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1245 hrs – 1345 hrs Lunch
1345 hrs – 1500 hrs
Resource Person: Assoc Prof Victor SAVAGE
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1245 hrs – 1345 hrs Lunch
1345 hrs – 1500 hrs
Session 2: International Protection of the Atmosphere and Climate Change
Fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) have been a source of energy to power machines since the beginning of the industrial age. As these fuels burn they emit a variety of gases which form a blanket of gases acting like greenhouse trapping the sun’s heat and warming the planet earth.
Global warming is a great threat to the atmosphere and consequently to human life. Scientists warned the Kyoto global climate change conference in 1997 that if no actions are taken to curb greenhouse gas emissions, global temperatures and sea levels will rise, causing havoc to earth, particularly in developing countries which would be most susceptible to the effects of climate change in terms of human health, ecological systems, and socio-economic sectors.
Even though the international community has been concerned with global warming for over a century it was only in 1992, 154 countries signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) at the UN Conference on Environment and Development at Rio de Janeiro. In ratifying the FCCC the developed countries agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the 1990 levels by year 2000. Developing countries do not bear the same obligations. The FCCC, without setting any set specific emissions limitations, required the developing countries to report on their emissions. The Convention came into force in 1994.
In December 1997, 160 nations agreed on the Kyoto Protocol calling for emissions reductions relative to the 1990 levels, for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). At the end of Kyoto meetings, industrial countries had agreed to cut their CO2 emissions by 5% below levels by 2012.
The Protocol is now in force.
This presentation examines the international efforts in saving the atmosphere by mitigating global warming.
Resource Person: Penna LAKSHMIKANTH R
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1500 hrs – 1515 hrs Tea Break
1515 hrs – 1615 hrs
Fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) have been a source of energy to power machines since the beginning of the industrial age. As these fuels burn they emit a variety of gases which form a blanket of gases acting like greenhouse trapping the sun’s heat and warming the planet earth.
Global warming is a great threat to the atmosphere and consequently to human life. Scientists warned the Kyoto global climate change conference in 1997 that if no actions are taken to curb greenhouse gas emissions, global temperatures and sea levels will rise, causing havoc to earth, particularly in developing countries which would be most susceptible to the effects of climate change in terms of human health, ecological systems, and socio-economic sectors.
Even though the international community has been concerned with global warming for over a century it was only in 1992, 154 countries signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) at the UN Conference on Environment and Development at Rio de Janeiro. In ratifying the FCCC the developed countries agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the 1990 levels by year 2000. Developing countries do not bear the same obligations. The FCCC, without setting any set specific emissions limitations, required the developing countries to report on their emissions. The Convention came into force in 1994.
In December 1997, 160 nations agreed on the Kyoto Protocol calling for emissions reductions relative to the 1990 levels, for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). At the end of Kyoto meetings, industrial countries had agreed to cut their CO2 emissions by 5% below levels by 2012.
The Protocol is now in force.
This presentation examines the international efforts in saving the atmosphere by mitigating global warming.
Resource Person: Penna LAKSHMIKANTH R
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1500 hrs – 1515 hrs Tea Break
1515 hrs – 1615 hrs
Session 3: Environmental Planning in Singapore
Urban Planning, as an activity of purposeful anticipation of and provision for the future undertaken by public sector organizations to regulate land and water use on behalf of society, presents the opportunity to address environmental concerns at the early stages of development programming. This presentation examines how environmental concerns are addressed in land use planning in Singapore. It traces the principles and philosophies governing the key planning instruments, such as the strategic Concept Plan, as well as the statutory Master Plan, and considers how environmental concerns are addressed, in conjunction with other societal concerns such as economic growth and social development. Apart from key spatial strategies, the presentation will include a discussion of major regulatory requirements as well as market-related mechanisms that support plan implementation.
Resource Person: Dr MALONE-LEE Lai Choo
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1615hrs – 1730 hrs
Urban Planning, as an activity of purposeful anticipation of and provision for the future undertaken by public sector organizations to regulate land and water use on behalf of society, presents the opportunity to address environmental concerns at the early stages of development programming. This presentation examines how environmental concerns are addressed in land use planning in Singapore. It traces the principles and philosophies governing the key planning instruments, such as the strategic Concept Plan, as well as the statutory Master Plan, and considers how environmental concerns are addressed, in conjunction with other societal concerns such as economic growth and social development. Apart from key spatial strategies, the presentation will include a discussion of major regulatory requirements as well as market-related mechanisms that support plan implementation.
Resource Person: Dr MALONE-LEE Lai Choo
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1615hrs – 1730 hrs
Session 4: Environmental Impact Assessment
(a) The Potential for Strategic Environmental Assessment in Asia
(b) The Effectiveness of EIA in Asia
Any major new development, infrastructure, or facility has the potential to impact the surrounding environment and community. EIA is the planning tool that allows the identification, quantification, evaluation, and mitigation of impacts on the environment. Other related project planning tools include Social Impact Assessment (SIA) and Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) meanwhile allows for evaluation of new programs and policies, before any specific physical projects are planned.
EIA is requirement in most Asian countries. However, EIA scope, methodology, and effectiveness varies dramatically across the region. Singapore, Malaysia, and Hong Kong are good examples of very different approaches to EIA. World Bank standard EIA is the most accepted approach internationally. The basic methodology generally includes: defining the baseline environment; describing the project; regulatory review; project alternatives; identifying emissions and releases; evaluating impacts; mitigation measures; and environmental management plan. Scope of such assessments usually include: air; water, ecology; cultural resources; waste management; contaminated land; chemical management; noise; landscape and aesthetic impact.
(a) The Potential for Strategic Environmental Assessment in Asia
(b) The Effectiveness of EIA in Asia
Any major new development, infrastructure, or facility has the potential to impact the surrounding environment and community. EIA is the planning tool that allows the identification, quantification, evaluation, and mitigation of impacts on the environment. Other related project planning tools include Social Impact Assessment (SIA) and Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) meanwhile allows for evaluation of new programs and policies, before any specific physical projects are planned.
EIA is requirement in most Asian countries. However, EIA scope, methodology, and effectiveness varies dramatically across the region. Singapore, Malaysia, and Hong Kong are good examples of very different approaches to EIA. World Bank standard EIA is the most accepted approach internationally. The basic methodology generally includes: defining the baseline environment; describing the project; regulatory review; project alternatives; identifying emissions and releases; evaluating impacts; mitigation measures; and environmental management plan. Scope of such assessments usually include: air; water, ecology; cultural resources; waste management; contaminated land; chemical management; noise; landscape and aesthetic impact.
Resource Person: Mr Richard C. REIDINGER
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
Day 2, Wednesday, 7 June 2006
0900 hrs – 1045 hrs
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
Day 2, Wednesday, 7 June 2006
0900 hrs – 1045 hrs
Session 5: Waste Management
· Integrated waste management planning
· Waste management infrastructure
· Waste management policy, institutional aspects, and regulations
This session provides an overview of the solid waste management system in Singapore. Principles of sustainable urban waste management planning are defined, including the waste management hierarchy, integration of institutional matters and infrastructure, costs, and the importance of systems that are appropriate to the unique local situations. The key waste management facilities and infrastructure in Singapore are presented, including collection systems, incinerators, landfills, and recycling facilities, including issues such as capacity and cost. The latter half of the presentation is devoted to the institutional issues that are essential for a workable, cost effective waste management system. These include methods of private sector participation, regulations and enforcement, tariffs and charging, arrangements between the regulator and operator, and other issues.
Resource Person: Mr Richard C. REIDINGER
Participants' Presentation on Waste Management Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1045 hrs – 1115 hrs Tea Break
1115 hrs – 1300 hrs
· Integrated waste management planning
· Waste management infrastructure
· Waste management policy, institutional aspects, and regulations
This session provides an overview of the solid waste management system in Singapore. Principles of sustainable urban waste management planning are defined, including the waste management hierarchy, integration of institutional matters and infrastructure, costs, and the importance of systems that are appropriate to the unique local situations. The key waste management facilities and infrastructure in Singapore are presented, including collection systems, incinerators, landfills, and recycling facilities, including issues such as capacity and cost. The latter half of the presentation is devoted to the institutional issues that are essential for a workable, cost effective waste management system. These include methods of private sector participation, regulations and enforcement, tariffs and charging, arrangements between the regulator and operator, and other issues.
Resource Person: Mr Richard C. REIDINGER
Participants' Presentation on Waste Management Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1045 hrs – 1115 hrs Tea Break
1115 hrs – 1300 hrs
Session 6: Hazardous Waste Management (including Bio-Hazardous Waste)
Hazardous waste is a by-product of industrial processes (solvents, wastewater sludge, etchants, etc), commercial activities (vehicle oil changes), institutions (medical waste, R&D waste), and even households. A comprehensive regulatory, institutional, and infrastructure framework is required to strictly manage these diverse and dangerous materials. Improper management of hazardous waste has resulted in serious environmental pollution, land contamination, and population health problems in many countries around Asia.
Singapore has one of the most advanced hazardous waste management systems in Asia. The government controls hazardous waste through a combination of regulation (Toxic Industrial Waste Regulations), administrative control, and strict enforcement. The entire value chain, including generation, transport, treatment, and final disposal, is managed. All hazardous waste infrastructure in the country is privately owned and operated, and a private market for hazardous waste services prevails which ensures efficient prices and services. Hazardous waste methods used in Singapore include incineration, solvent recycling, stabilization, oil recycling, and physical-chemical treatment.
Resource Person: Mr Richard C. REIDINGER
Participants' Presentation on Hazardous Waste Management Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1300 hrs – 1400 hrs Lunch
1400 hrs – 1530 hrs
Hazardous waste is a by-product of industrial processes (solvents, wastewater sludge, etchants, etc), commercial activities (vehicle oil changes), institutions (medical waste, R&D waste), and even households. A comprehensive regulatory, institutional, and infrastructure framework is required to strictly manage these diverse and dangerous materials. Improper management of hazardous waste has resulted in serious environmental pollution, land contamination, and population health problems in many countries around Asia.
Singapore has one of the most advanced hazardous waste management systems in Asia. The government controls hazardous waste through a combination of regulation (Toxic Industrial Waste Regulations), administrative control, and strict enforcement. The entire value chain, including generation, transport, treatment, and final disposal, is managed. All hazardous waste infrastructure in the country is privately owned and operated, and a private market for hazardous waste services prevails which ensures efficient prices and services. Hazardous waste methods used in Singapore include incineration, solvent recycling, stabilization, oil recycling, and physical-chemical treatment.
Resource Person: Mr Richard C. REIDINGER
Participants' Presentation on Hazardous Waste Management Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1300 hrs – 1400 hrs Lunch
1400 hrs – 1530 hrs
Session 7: Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Toxic Wastes
We will examine how the international community has addressed the problem of the transboundary movement of hazardous waste through and examination of the 1989 Basel Convention on the Transbounadary Movement of Hazardous Waste. We will examine why the Convention was necessary and how it attempts to regulate the transboundary movement of hazardous waste through principles such as “prior informed consent”. We will also examine the mechanisms and provisions in the Convention which are designed to encourage developing countries to ratify and implement the convention, and the mechanisms established in the Convention to keep it updated and to encourage states to effectively implement its provisions. We will also examine the steps taken by Singapore to implement the Convention and make it part of Singapore national law. Finally, we will examine the role played by international NGOs such as Greenpeace and the Basel Action Network in promoting the international regulation of hazardous wastes.
Our study of the Basel Convention provides an example of the major provisions and schemes that are found in many of the major international treaties on the environment, which are often referred to as Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs).
Resource Person: Assoc Prof R C BECKMAN
Participants' Presentation on Basel Convention Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1530 hrs – 1600 hrs Tea Break
1600 hrs – 1730 hrs
We will examine how the international community has addressed the problem of the transboundary movement of hazardous waste through and examination of the 1989 Basel Convention on the Transbounadary Movement of Hazardous Waste. We will examine why the Convention was necessary and how it attempts to regulate the transboundary movement of hazardous waste through principles such as “prior informed consent”. We will also examine the mechanisms and provisions in the Convention which are designed to encourage developing countries to ratify and implement the convention, and the mechanisms established in the Convention to keep it updated and to encourage states to effectively implement its provisions. We will also examine the steps taken by Singapore to implement the Convention and make it part of Singapore national law. Finally, we will examine the role played by international NGOs such as Greenpeace and the Basel Action Network in promoting the international regulation of hazardous wastes.
Our study of the Basel Convention provides an example of the major provisions and schemes that are found in many of the major international treaties on the environment, which are often referred to as Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs).
Resource Person: Assoc Prof R C BECKMAN
Participants' Presentation on Basel Convention Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1530 hrs – 1600 hrs Tea Break
1600 hrs – 1730 hrs
Briefing on Singapore’s Overall Environmental Strategy
(a) Overview of MEWR
(b) Singapore Green Plan 2012
Ms CHYE Hui Sze Corporate Communications Executive
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR)
Corporate Video on MEWR
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
Day 3, Thursday, 8 June 2006
0900 hrs – 1000 hrs
(a) Overview of MEWR
(b) Singapore Green Plan 2012
Ms CHYE Hui Sze Corporate Communications Executive
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR)
Corporate Video on MEWR
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
Day 3, Thursday, 8 June 2006
0900 hrs – 1000 hrs
Session 8: Air Pollution Management – The Singapore Experience
(a) Control of Air Pollution from Industrial Sources
(b) Control of Air Pollution from Mobile Sources
Air pollution management – the Singapore Experience
This session discusses Singapore’s management of air pollution – it gives an overview of the control of air pollution from industrial sources and mobile sources.
Resource Person: Assoc Prof LYE Lin Heng Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1000 hrs – 1015 hrs Tea Break
1015 hrs – 1145 hrs
(a) Control of Air Pollution from Industrial Sources
(b) Control of Air Pollution from Mobile Sources
Air pollution management – the Singapore Experience
This session discusses Singapore’s management of air pollution – it gives an overview of the control of air pollution from industrial sources and mobile sources.
Resource Person: Assoc Prof LYE Lin Heng Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1000 hrs – 1015 hrs Tea Break
1015 hrs – 1145 hrs
Deep Tunnel Sewerage System
Guest Speaker: Mr YOUNG Joo Chye, Deputy Director , Deep Tunnel Sewerage System, Public Utilities Board
1145 hrs – 1245 hrs
1145 hrs – 1245 hrs
Session 9: Transport-Based Air Pollution Management
(a) Singapore’s Experience – Traffic Planning
(b) Experience of other Countries (Participants’ Inputs)
This session elaborates on Singapore’s management of air pollution control via controls on vehicular traffic. It looks at the implementation of the “polluter pays” principle in the system of control of car sales via the certificate of entitlement (COE); in the imposition of charges for entry into the central business area, and for use of certain expressways during peak hours; and the imposition of taxation for use of the roads.
Resource Person: Assoc Prof LYE Lin Heng
Participants’ Presentation on Air Pollution Management Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1245 hrs – 1330 hrs Lunch
1330 hrs – 1500 hrs
(a) Singapore’s Experience – Traffic Planning
(b) Experience of other Countries (Participants’ Inputs)
This session elaborates on Singapore’s management of air pollution control via controls on vehicular traffic. It looks at the implementation of the “polluter pays” principle in the system of control of car sales via the certificate of entitlement (COE); in the imposition of charges for entry into the central business area, and for use of certain expressways during peak hours; and the imposition of taxation for use of the roads.
Resource Person: Assoc Prof LYE Lin Heng
Participants’ Presentation on Air Pollution Management Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1245 hrs – 1330 hrs Lunch
1330 hrs – 1500 hrs
Session 10: Waste Minimisation and Recycling Programme in Singapore
Waste minimization is the first preference within the waste management hierarchy, closely followed by material recovery and recycling. Achieving significant levels of waste minimization and recycling usually requires substantial intervention from government, in order to correct the market failures and externalities which have traditionally resulted in landfill being the dominant waste management method. Waste reduction methods may include economic instruments (recycling credits, disposal taxes, innovation grants), regulatory measures (producer responsibility, mandatory source separation, building codes), and technology measures (cleaner production technology, material recovery facility, etc).
Singapore has put in place several measures to promote waste minimization and recycling. These have included education, charging for solid waste disposal, and integration of recycling requirements into residential waste collection concessions. However, Singapore’s primary method of waste reduction has been incineration, which results in reduction of waste to landfill by more than 80%. The private sector has also been active in developing facilities to recover and recycle various types of waste material, inc
Resource Person: Mr Richard C. REIDINGER
Participants’ Presentation on Waste Minimisation
Waste minimization is the first preference within the waste management hierarchy, closely followed by material recovery and recycling. Achieving significant levels of waste minimization and recycling usually requires substantial intervention from government, in order to correct the market failures and externalities which have traditionally resulted in landfill being the dominant waste management method. Waste reduction methods may include economic instruments (recycling credits, disposal taxes, innovation grants), regulatory measures (producer responsibility, mandatory source separation, building codes), and technology measures (cleaner production technology, material recovery facility, etc).
Singapore has put in place several measures to promote waste minimization and recycling. These have included education, charging for solid waste disposal, and integration of recycling requirements into residential waste collection concessions. However, Singapore’s primary method of waste reduction has been incineration, which results in reduction of waste to landfill by more than 80%. The private sector has also been active in developing facilities to recover and recycle various types of waste material, inc
Resource Person: Mr Richard C. REIDINGER
Participants’ Presentation on Waste Minimisation
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1500 hrs – 1515 hrs Tea break
1515 hrs – 1730 hrs
Green Productivity Programme of the Asia Productivity Organisation
Guest Speaker: Mr TAY Boon Keat ,Section Head, Diploma in Chemical Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic
Day 4, Friday, 9 June 2006
0900 hrs – 0945 hrs
Guest Speaker: Mr TAY Boon Keat ,Section Head, Diploma in Chemical Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic
Day 4, Friday, 9 June 2006
0900 hrs – 0945 hrs
Session 11: Wastewater Management in South-East Asia
“An Overview”
This presentation will provide an overview of the status of wastewater management in Southeast Asian countries on a comparative basis using data from international development agencies -- UNEP, UNESCAP, ADB and the World Bank. The presentation discusses the significant achievements of countries within the region, including Singapore, the different approaches adopted by national governments in managing wastewater, and reasons for difficulties encountered in providing satisfactory facilities and services to meet the needs of the communities they serve. The review will also cover a number of cases of wastewater treatment facilities being funded by international aid agencies. The contribution of private enterprise in building and operating wastewater facilities will be assessed. Difficulties encountered by this approach will be considered. Based on experiences of countries within the region, the feasibility of community-based operated wastewater treatment facilities will be discussed.
Resource Person: Dr CHIA Lin Sien
Participants’ Presentation on Wastewater Management Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
0945 hrs – 1045 hrs
This presentation will provide an overview of the status of wastewater management in Southeast Asian countries on a comparative basis using data from international development agencies -- UNEP, UNESCAP, ADB and the World Bank. The presentation discusses the significant achievements of countries within the region, including Singapore, the different approaches adopted by national governments in managing wastewater, and reasons for difficulties encountered in providing satisfactory facilities and services to meet the needs of the communities they serve. The review will also cover a number of cases of wastewater treatment facilities being funded by international aid agencies. The contribution of private enterprise in building and operating wastewater facilities will be assessed. Difficulties encountered by this approach will be considered. Based on experiences of countries within the region, the feasibility of community-based operated wastewater treatment facilities will be discussed.
Resource Person: Dr CHIA Lin Sien
Participants’ Presentation on Wastewater Management Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
0945 hrs – 1045 hrs
Session 12: Investigations, Analyses and Control of Water ,Quality in Urban Catchments in Singapore
Resource Person: Dr A APPAN
The quality of runoff in any water resources project is largely influenced by the activities within the catchment areas and the direct pollution load the reservoir is being subjected to. As catchment areas tend to get progressively more urbanized in terms of industrialisation, the runoff quality is affected and so the quality of water to be abstracted tends to deteriorate. When such raw water is treated, there will be additional costs incurred for infrastructure development for anti-pollution measures to be taken within both the catchment area and the reservoir and also the water treatment plant. These additional expenditures will lead to an increase in the production cost of treated water. The main objectives of this paper are to define the impact of urbanization and industrialization on water catchments leading to poorer runoff quality and higher treatment costs. These concepts are illustrated in a real-life case study in Singapore where the sources of pollution in an urbanizing catchment were identified and quantified.
The pollution problem was analysed thoroughly and well-defined anti pollution measures were taken over a period of time and the results monitored. .It has thus shown that it is possible to accommodate industrialisation and urbanization in large tracts of land provided an appropriate infra structure is set up to identify the pollution problems and carry out extensive analysis. The recommended anti-pollution measures were taken on sound basis of the analyses along with appropriate administrative support from all the relevant contributing sectors. Legislation should be promulgated or amended, if necessary and, most important of all, there should be the right political will to back the technical decision makers.
Participants’ Presentation on Water Quality Management Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1045 hrs – 1100 hrs Tea Break
1100 hrs – 1130 hrs
The quality of runoff in any water resources project is largely influenced by the activities within the catchment areas and the direct pollution load the reservoir is being subjected to. As catchment areas tend to get progressively more urbanized in terms of industrialisation, the runoff quality is affected and so the quality of water to be abstracted tends to deteriorate. When such raw water is treated, there will be additional costs incurred for infrastructure development for anti-pollution measures to be taken within both the catchment area and the reservoir and also the water treatment plant. These additional expenditures will lead to an increase in the production cost of treated water. The main objectives of this paper are to define the impact of urbanization and industrialization on water catchments leading to poorer runoff quality and higher treatment costs. These concepts are illustrated in a real-life case study in Singapore where the sources of pollution in an urbanizing catchment were identified and quantified.
The pollution problem was analysed thoroughly and well-defined anti pollution measures were taken over a period of time and the results monitored. .It has thus shown that it is possible to accommodate industrialisation and urbanization in large tracts of land provided an appropriate infra structure is set up to identify the pollution problems and carry out extensive analysis. The recommended anti-pollution measures were taken on sound basis of the analyses along with appropriate administrative support from all the relevant contributing sectors. Legislation should be promulgated or amended, if necessary and, most important of all, there should be the right political will to back the technical decision makers.
Participants’ Presentation on Water Quality Management Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1045 hrs – 1100 hrs Tea Break
1100 hrs – 1130 hrs
Participants’ Presentation on Wastewater Management/ Management of Freshwater Resources
Freshwater resources are becoming increasingly scarce across the region. Pollution, overuse and harmful methods of exploitation of freshwater resources are rapidly reducing their provenance. Participants have been asked to prepare short presentations on how individual countries/regions/ municipalities identify, protect, and utilize available freshwater resources. They will be required to describe their system of administration and how they interface with various interest groups (stakeholders) including the question of level of treatment of freshwater, costs involved, technologies utilized, method of delivery and pricing, Participants will be encouraged to be share their concerns and difficulties encountered and how they have been able to overcome the problems. The presentations will be followed by a Q&A session and the facilitator will guide the discussion with the view to identify and highlight lessons learnt and good practices relevant to other countries/situations.
Resource Person: Dr CHIA Lin Sien
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1215 hrs – 1330 hrs Departure for Tuas South Incineration Plant
1330 hrs – 1530 hrs Tuas South Incineration Plant
(a) Overview of Waste Management in Singapore and TSIP
(b) Plant Tour
Freshwater resources are becoming increasingly scarce across the region. Pollution, overuse and harmful methods of exploitation of freshwater resources are rapidly reducing their provenance. Participants have been asked to prepare short presentations on how individual countries/regions/ municipalities identify, protect, and utilize available freshwater resources. They will be required to describe their system of administration and how they interface with various interest groups (stakeholders) including the question of level of treatment of freshwater, costs involved, technologies utilized, method of delivery and pricing, Participants will be encouraged to be share their concerns and difficulties encountered and how they have been able to overcome the problems. The presentations will be followed by a Q&A session and the facilitator will guide the discussion with the view to identify and highlight lessons learnt and good practices relevant to other countries/situations.
Resource Person: Dr CHIA Lin Sien
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1215 hrs – 1330 hrs Departure for Tuas South Incineration Plant
1330 hrs – 1530 hrs Tuas South Incineration Plant
(a) Overview of Waste Management in Singapore and TSIP
(b) Plant Tour
(c) Q&A
Mr Ivan YAP , Tuas South Incineration Plant, National Environment Agency
1530 hrs – 1630 hrs Departure for NEWater Visitor Centre
1630 hrs – 1730 hrs NEWater Vistor Centre
( a ) Plant Tour
Mr William ANG, Manager , NEWater Visitor Centre ,Public Utilities Board
Day 5, Monday, 12 June 2006
0900 hrs – 1015 hrs
Mr Ivan YAP , Tuas South Incineration Plant, National Environment Agency
1530 hrs – 1630 hrs Departure for NEWater Visitor Centre
1630 hrs – 1730 hrs NEWater Vistor Centre
( a ) Plant Tour
Mr William ANG, Manager , NEWater Visitor Centre ,Public Utilities Board
Day 5, Monday, 12 June 2006
0900 hrs – 1015 hrs
Session 13: Compliance and Enforcement
Resource Person: Assoc Prof LYE Lin Heng
Participants’ Presentation on Compliance and Enforcement Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1015 hrs – 1045 hrs Tea Break
1045 hrs – 1215 hrs
Participants’ Presentation on Compliance and Enforcement Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1015 hrs – 1045 hrs Tea Break
1045 hrs – 1215 hrs
Session 14: The Role of ASEAN in Urban and Industrial Environmental Management
and Governance
ASEAN, the Association of South East Asian Nations, was established in 1967. Its five founder members are Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, subsequently joined by Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam. This seminar will consider the role of ASEAN in urban and industrial environmental management and governance. It will deal with some of the relevant policy formulations of ASEAN in this context. It will also examine Strategy 7 of the ASEAN Strategic Plan of Action 1994 -1998 which aims at promoting environmental sound management of toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes and control of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes; Strategy 8 of the Plan deals with developing a system for the promotion of environmentally sound technologies. ASEAN has also cooperated in the enhancement of regional capability in pollution control with emphasis on adequate urban air and water quality monitoring and management systems. The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution 2002, which has recently entered into force will be examined.
The ASEAN Vision 2020 which sets out a broad vision for ASEAN is being implemented by a series of plans of action including the Hanoi Plan of Action 1999-2004 and Vientiane Action Programme, 2004 – 2010.
The relevant work of the ASEAN Working Group on Multilateral Environmental Agreements (AWGMEA), ASEAN Working Group on Water Resource Management (AWGWRM) and ASEAN Working Group on Environmentally Sustainable Cities (AWGESC), will be considered.
Resource Person: Prof KOH Kheng Lian , Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1215 hrs – 1245 hrs Closing Ceremony
Closing Remarks: for participants
Presentation of Certificates
1245 hrs – 1345 hrs Lunch
~End of Seminar~
Koh Kheng Lian
Director, MFA/APCEL Seminar on Urban and Industrial Environmental Management
ASEAN, the Association of South East Asian Nations, was established in 1967. Its five founder members are Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, subsequently joined by Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam. This seminar will consider the role of ASEAN in urban and industrial environmental management and governance. It will deal with some of the relevant policy formulations of ASEAN in this context. It will also examine Strategy 7 of the ASEAN Strategic Plan of Action 1994 -1998 which aims at promoting environmental sound management of toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes and control of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes; Strategy 8 of the Plan deals with developing a system for the promotion of environmentally sound technologies. ASEAN has also cooperated in the enhancement of regional capability in pollution control with emphasis on adequate urban air and water quality monitoring and management systems. The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution 2002, which has recently entered into force will be examined.
The ASEAN Vision 2020 which sets out a broad vision for ASEAN is being implemented by a series of plans of action including the Hanoi Plan of Action 1999-2004 and Vientiane Action Programme, 2004 – 2010.
The relevant work of the ASEAN Working Group on Multilateral Environmental Agreements (AWGMEA), ASEAN Working Group on Water Resource Management (AWGWRM) and ASEAN Working Group on Environmentally Sustainable Cities (AWGESC), will be considered.
Resource Person: Prof KOH Kheng Lian , Q & A
Chairperson: Prof KOH Kheng Lian
1215 hrs – 1245 hrs Closing Ceremony
Closing Remarks: for participants
Presentation of Certificates
1245 hrs – 1345 hrs Lunch
~End of Seminar~
Koh Kheng Lian
Director, MFA/APCEL Seminar on Urban and Industrial Environmental Management
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