Για τα σκουπίδια της Αττικής, νέο σημείωμα

Το παρακάτω σημείωμα είναι ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΟ και είναι κοινοποίηση προς όλους του αρμόδιους αποδέκτας Yπουργούς που έχουν γνώμη.

Επίσης εστάλη στους αρχηγούς των δύο μεγάλων κομμάτων της Βουλής.



Προς
Τον Αξιότιμο Υφυπουργό Εσωτερικών
κ. Αθανάσιο Νάκο,

21 Μαίου 2009

Κύριε Υπουργέ,

Με προηγούμενο σημείωμα, μου με αφορμή το άρθρο του Επενδυτή της 28-29 Μαρτίου τ.ε με θέμα «ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΕΙ ΝΑ ΓΙΝΕΙ ΝΑΠΟΛΗ Η ΑΘΗΝΑ» και την δική σας δήλωση ότι «δεν θα κουραστείτε να προσπαθείτε να γίνουν τα έργα των ΧΥΤΑ» , σας έθεσα υπόψη σας μελέτη μου και προτάσεις που έχω κάνει από τον Απρίλιο του 2007 για τα σκουπίδια της Αττικής.

Σαν μόνη λύση πρότεινα τότε και επιμένω ότι άμεσα πρέπει να ξεκινήσετε τις ενέργειες που απαιτούνται για την κατασκευή στην Αττική μέχρι το 2020 τριών εργοστασίων καύσης των 2000 τόνων/ημερησίως για την περίοδο μέχρι το 2040, με το πρώτο να λειτουργεί το 2010. Σημειώστε και πάλι ότι υπό προυποθέσεις για την παραγωγή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας με χρήση των σκουπιδιών ενδιαφέρεται και η ΔΕΗ.

Δυστυχώς απόλυτη πρόβλεψη των ποσοτήτων που θα υπάρχουν σε τόση μακρά περίοδο δεν μπορεί να έχει βεβαιότητα και ασφαλώς μετά από μία δεκαετία τα στοιχεία μπορεί να μεταβληθούν. Ο υπογράφων παληό στέλεχος της ΔΕΗ είχα κάνει μελέτη με μακροχρόνιες προβλέψεις για την ενεργειακή εξέλιξη της Χώρας από το 1970 μέχρι το 2000. Για την ιστορία σας γνωρίζω ότι δεν μπόρεσα τότε να προβλέψω την μεταβολή του πληθυσμού της Χώρας λόγω της μεγάλης εισροής των μεταναστών.

Ομως σήμερα έχουμε σημαντικά καθυστερήσει με τα σκουπίδια της Αττικής.

Η ΝΑΠΟΛΗ πολύ ταλαιπωρήθηκε με τα σκουπίδια της. Από 8ετίας έχει κατασκευάσει το πρώτο της εργοστάσιο καύσης που φαίνεται ότι οι διάφορες οργανώσεις δεν επέτρεπαν να λειτουργήσει με υποκίνηση της γνωστής Camora (ιταλική μαφία) γιατί η επιχείρηση διαχείρησης σκουπιδιών αφήνει ως γνωστόν πολλά κέρδη σε διάφορα κυκλώματα. Οι ηγέτες της πόλης είχαν φθάσει να σκέπτονται την αποστολή των σκουπιδιών για καύση σε εργοστάσια στην Γερμανία με τραίνο, κόστος για την μεταφορά περίπου 350 Euro/τόνο.

Τελικά ο πρόεδρος Silvio Berlusconi επενέβη και πήγε στις 26 Μαρτίου τ.ε. στην ΝΑΠΟΛΗ και εγκαινίασε το εργοστάσιο καύσης που άρχισε να λειτουργεί. Το εργοστάσιο θα καίει 600000 τόνους σκουπιδιών το χρόνο (περίπου 2000 τόνους/ημέρα) και θα παράγει ηλεκτρική ενέργεια για 200000 σπίτια. Αλλα 4 εργοστάσια είναι προγραμματισμένα να λειτουργήσουν στην ευρύτερη περιοχή.

Στην Βιέννη τα τελευταία χρόνια λειτουργούν 3 σύγχρονα μεγάλης απόδοσης εργοστάσια καύσης σκουπιδιών, με αντίστοιχες αποδόσεις 260000, 200000, και 60000 τόνους τον χρόνο.

Η Greenpeace έκανε αναλυτικές μελέτες αποβλήτων και στα τρία και διεπίστωσε ότι πληρούν τους όρους που θέτει η Ευρωπαική νομοθεσία παρόλο που είναι τα εργοστασια παλαιότερης τεχνολογίας. Η αναλυτική μελέτη επισυνάπτεται.

Η ΝΑΠΟΛΗ εζήτησε από τον Δήμαρχο της Βιέννης συνεργασία για να παρουσιάσει στους Ναπολιτάνους σε ομιλία το θέμα της ασφάλειας που προσφέρουν αυτά τα εργοστάσια και δεν αποτελούνν κίνδυνο μολύνσεων από ρύπανση. Στην Βιέννη λειτουργεί παράλληλα επιτυχώς και η ανακύκλωση. Και άλλες πόλεις της Ιταλίας βλέπουν την Βιέννη σαν οδηγό όπως π.χ. η Φλωρεντία.

Μια άλλη Χώρα στην οποία επιτυχώς λειτουργούν εργοστάσια καύσης είναι η Ελβετίο. Υπάρχουν 28 εργοστάσια καύσης με συνολική ετήσια απόδοση 3290000 τόνους/έτος με παράλληλη παραγωγή ενέργειας για 250000 σπίτια, που σημαίνει 215000 τόνοι λιγώτερη κατανάλωση πετρελαίου.

Υπάρχει συνεχής παγκόσμα αύξηση των εργοστασίων καύσης γιατί μόνον με την καύση των σκουπιδιών λύνεται αποτελεσματικά το πρόβλημα. Την τελευταία δεκαετία η παγκοσμια ικανότης καύσης αυξήθηκε απο 160 εκατομύρια τόνοι ανά έτος σε 200 και αναμένεται την επόμενη 5ετία να φθάσει σε 240.

Κύριε Υπουργέ, θα πρέπει λόγω αρμοδιότητας να αναλάβετε άμεσα σχετική πρωτοβουλία. Η Βιέννη και πολλές άλλες Χώρες γειτονικές μας τόλμησαν να προχωρήσουν και αυτό συνέβη και σε άλλες εποχές.

Σήμερα υπάρχει και σημαντική τeχνολογική πρόδος όπως έχω καταδείξει σε άλλες σελίδες του blog μου με τίτλο costasgen.blogspot.com

Με ιδιαίτερη χαρά από τον διεθνή τύπο πληροφορήθηκα ότι η Ρόδος έχει υποβάλει αρμοδίως σχετική μελέτη σκοπιμότητας για εργοστάσιο καύσης με ικανότητα 250 τόνους/ημέρα και εκτιμούμενο κόστος 100 εκατομμύρια Ευρώ.

Με τιμή

Κωνσταντίνος Γενηδουνιάς
Μηχανολόγος-Ηλεκτρολόγος Ε.Μ.Π.

Κοινοποίηση : Σε όλους τους αρμοδίους που έχουν λόγο για την Αττική

Συνημμένα για όποιον ενδιαφέρεται που τεκμηριώνουν τα ανωτέρω

1) Trash incinerator for Rhodes
2) Berlusconi opens Naples incinerator
3) Municipal waste incinerator facility at St. Galen KVA St. Galen
4) Vienna's Spittelau waste incineration plant a model for Naples
5) Swiss keen to take on Naples rubbish
6) Εcoprog / Fraunhofer UMSICHT
7) Residual / Municipal Waste processing plant Spittelau, Austria
8) Wαste incineration plants in Austria with data on waste management from Greenpeace,
www.gipuzkoa.net/incineradora/IncinerationAustria.pdf



1) Trash incinerator for Rhodes
15 February, 2009
Authorities on the popular tourist island of Rhodes said yesterday that they are preparing to accommodate the country's first trash incineration facility, though local residents reportedly only just heard about the plans and are seeking guarantees that their quality of life will not be affected.
Ten local mayors and the prefect of the Dodecanese, of which Rhodes is the capital, have all backed the project and a feasibility plan for the facility has been submitted to the Environment and Public Works Ministry, it emerged yesterday.
The facility, which would burn some 250 tons of trash per day, is to be constructed in the island's north, near the local landfill and not far from the town of Rhodes itself, probably within the next two years.
According to the president of the Hellenic Solid Waste Management Association, Giorgos Ypsilantis, the plant will form just a small part of "a comprehensive waste management operation." This operation will include the extension of the existing landfill, which is nearing saturation, a new landfill which will be set aside for the ash produced by the incinerating facility, a composting facility for natural waste and a recycling unit for plastic, paper, metals and other reusable materials.As the cost of the undertaking is estimated at some 100 million euros, it is likely that it will be funded through a public-private partnership, sources said.
One operational issue that remains to be clarified is how the facility will function during the summer months when trash levels usually double due to the influx of hundreds of thousands of tourists.
As for concerns about pollution, local mayors do not appear to be too troubled. "Legislation governing the construction and operation of such facilities is very strict and (authorities) have received assurances that pollution levels will be extremely low," Ypsilantis said.
Residents however are concerned about the implications of the plant. "People have only now started realizing what is going to happen and are seeking assurances," said Giorgos Pastrikos of the Greek office of Friends of Nature, an international conservation organization. "The social dialogue on this subject has yet to begin," he said.

2) Berlusconi opens Naples incinerator
by Staff Writers
Naples, Italy (AFP) March 26, 2009
Italian Prime Minister Sylvio Berlusconi Thursday opened a waste incinerator near the southern city of Naples, where thousands of tones of rotting rubbish regularly piled up.
Berlusconi had pledged last year that the incinerator at Acerra, the building of which had been suspended for eight years, would enter service to deal with the mountains of waste invading Naples and the surrounding Campania region.
It is the first in the region and will burn 600,000 tones of waste a year, generating enough energy to power 200,000 households.
Four other incinerators will also enter service in a region that for 15 years has been deemed to be experiencing a "waste state of emergency."
The commissioning of the incinerator "is the point of departure for solving all Campania's problems," Berlusconi said, while acknowledging there was "still some way to go."
Police kept at a distance several hundred demonstrators, according to the ANSA news agency. Backed by environmentalist organizations they claim that the incinerator is an "ecological bomb."
The Roman Catholic bishop of Naples Monsignor Giovanni Rinaldi refused to bless the plant, as tradition required, to show his opposition to the project.
He believes that the waste will be burnt without having been previously sorted and that the incineration poses a danger to health and the environment.
Organized crime in the region, in the form of the Camorra, has been identified as contributing to the lack of incinerators, the absence of dumps and the failure to sort waste.

3 ) Municipal waste incinerator facility at St. Galen KVA St. Galen
Waste consists of two general types: municipal, and hazardous. Municipal waste is refuse from households and small businesses; hazardous waste includes chemical, infectious or otherwise toxic waste.
In general, there are two main ways to dispose of waste: by burning it (incineration) or by placing it in a lined pit (land filling). The type of waste determines how it is disposed of.
Municipal waste
Since January 2000 all non-recyclable, combustible waste in Switzerland must be incinerated. In 2004 Switzerland's incineration capacity reached 3.29 million tones. It is no longer necessary to dispose of any combustible waste in landfills.
Incinerators have undergone vast improvements in recent years and burning municipal waste now produces only minimal amounts of air pollution in Switzerland.
Energy from waste
Incineration plants are also a source of energy: the 28 Swiss facilities generate enough electricity for 250,000 homes. This in turn means that 215,000 tones less oil derivatives need to be imported for heating purposes.
It is not only the incineration of municipal waste in Switzerland which produces energy. The cement industry burns suitable waste such as used oils and solvents in order to cover a large amount of its energy needs.
4) Vienna's Spittelau waste incineration plant a model for Naples
Vienna Mayor Michael Häupl is to help rid the garbage-plagued people of Naples of their fear of a waste incineration plant.
Invitation to Naples
Michael Häupl has been specially invited to hold a lecture in Naples, when he will present Vienna's Spittelau waste incineration plant to the people of Naples. For years now, garbage has been disposed of cleanly and ecologically at Spittelau, and the heat generated in the process used for district heating. "Vienna's waste incineration plant is located not far from a hospital and a university," explains Naples Mayor Rosa Russo Jervolino. In Naples Spittelau could therefore serve as a model of ecological waste incineration in an urban centre. Mayor Häupl will help rid the Neapolitans of their fear of such waste incineration plants, and demonstrate to them that they do not pose a threat to public health.
Exemplary Vienna
The local administration and environmental experts from Naples are also keen to establish contact with experts in Vienna. There are plans for a delegation from Naples to visit Vienna, where consultative talks on modern waste disposal are to be held. Vienna is exemplary, thanks to its modern, ecological recycling and disposal systems, they say.
Matteo Renzi, President of the province of Florence, visited Vienna as long ago as January this year, when he also inspected Spittelau waste incineration plant. In Florence, the plant will serve as a model for a new plant which is scheduled to be constructed in the district of Sesto Fiorentino.

Convoys of garbage trucks to Sicily (left), garbage also obstructs traffic on roads in the greater Naples region (right)

Plans for new plant
There are now plans for the construction of a new waste incineration plant in Agnano on the site of a former American military base. This autumn, the construction of a waste incineration plant will be continued in Acerra, some 15 kilometers north-east of Naples. The plant is destined to be the largest in Europe, though its construction was stopped by protests by local inhabitants.
All the garbage dumps in the Naples region are already overflowing, and waste can no longer be disposed of because there are no plants available. So far it has been impossible to open new ones due to violent protests from the people of the city. In the meantime, the local mafia has been dealing illegally in garbage, aggravating an ongoing crisis that has already lasted for ten years. The local people have become increasingly bitter. The European Union has repeatedly threatened sanctions, but there is as yet no sign of a final solution to the problem.

The garbage problem in Naples still stinks to high heaven

Expensive contaminated sites
The removal of the mountains of garbage will be expensive for both Naples and Italy. Disposing of them costs hundreds of millions of euros every year. Just transporting the garbage to Germany by rail costs 350 euros per tonne. A total of 150 million euros are currently available for the solution of this acute emergency. However, in the future the government in Rome intends to work on preventing it. Avoiding waste will be widely propagated, and the use of plastic carrying bags will be reduced, as it already has been in Spain, Greece and France, and disposable packaging banned.
Naples is Italy's third largest city, and officially has a population of about a million people. However, together with its environs, there are estimated to be about four and a half million inhabitants due to the fact that many people live there unregistered.

5) Swiss keen to take on Naples rubbish

Image caption: Despite the stink, Naples residents have blocked plans for new dumps (Keystone)
As the rubbish crisis continues in Naples, Swiss waste incineration companies are in talks with the city authorities in Italy over importing the waste.
It may take up to five years before the Naples region, with a population of six million, will be in a position to manage its waste locally.
If a deal is done with the Swiss, the cantons concerned and the federal authorities will have to grant approval before Italian rubbish can be transported for incineration.
An association of 14 incinerating plants from the German-speaking part of Switzerland is currently negotiating with Naples, according to Pierre Ammann, head of a waste industry association. A second grouping of four Swiss incineration plants is also involved in talks with Naples.
Switzerland already imports waste, mainly from Germany. One in ten bin bags that arrive at incinerators comes from outside the country. It is a profitable business, with processing costs of SFr130 ($118) per tone of rubbish and a rate of SFr180 per tone to take the rubbish in.
The extreme pressure the Naples authorities are under is adding urgency to the negotiations, Ammann said. If all goes according to plan, the rubbish could be transported by train to Switzerland by next month.
However, for the time being, the Federal Environment Office has received no request for permission to import rubbish from Naples.
"There are talks taking place but no import [of rubbish] has been approved. No request has been handed in to us either," the office's Beat Frei told Swiss info
Environmental organizations are skeptical about importing the rubbish. A spokesman for the Swiss Transport and Environment Association, for example, told German-language national radio that it made no sense to transport mountains of rubbish to Switzerland.
Rubbish mountain
In Naples some 110,000 tones of rubbish has built up over the past two weeks. The Italian waste, if taken in by the Swiss, would be distributed between 15-20 sites.
From an ecological point of view the burning of the waste in Switzerland makes sense, according to Ammann. The outdoor burning that is currently being practiced in Naples releases 1,000 times more dioxins than burning in one of the Swiss incinerators.
In Switzerland all combustible waste that is not recycled must be incinerated in appropriate plants. The large majority of these materials ends up in one of the country's 28 municipal solid waste incinerators.
A permit from the authorities would need to be renewed annually. Experts estimate that it will take up to five years for the Naples authorities to open a rubbish facility to meet EU standards.
The European Commission has already begun proceedings against Italy for previous breaches of waste management regulations in Naples.
Data is being loaded
Switzerland burns 3.5 million tones of combustible waste per year.
Incineration helps to reduce pollutant emissions and preserve resources, according to the Federal Environment Office. The volume of waste is reduced by 90% and its weight by 75%.
However, the slag must be deposited in costly bioreactor or residual-waste landfills, since it contains environmentally damaging heavy metals.
NAPLES RUBBISH CRISIS
Authorities in Naples started shipping some of the city's two weeks' worth of uncollected rubbish to other parts of Italy on Friday.
The latest crisis is one of a series of waste collection breakdowns going back almost 15 years.
It is due to the fact that the Campania region produces more rubbish than it can dispose of acceptably.
Nearby landfills are saturated and residents oppose the construction of new dumps and incinerators, which they say pose health hazards.
Government plans to open four new dumps have been blocked by angry residents and the Camorra, the Neapolitan mafia, continues to make money by controlling the illegal dumping of millions of tones of toxic waste.

6) Ecoprog / Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Waste incineration is on the increase throughout the world. Global capacity has increased from 160 to 200 million tones per year in the last decade and is expected to expand to 240 million tones per year in the next five years.
The increasing shortage of land for land filling will require new plants to be built in the metropolitan regions of the world. Areas with high population density are unable to deal with the constantly increasing quantities of waste and are increasingly choosing to use industrial waste incineration. Being in the forefront of this development Europe has limited the land filling of untreated municipal waste by regulation.
ecoprog and Fraunhofer UMSICHT have made a detailed examination of the world market for waste incineration plants on the basis of their 2005 study. In doing this the project partners have not only brought their own knowledge of the market to bear in the study, but have also worked with sub-contractors and industry insiders in the waste management sector on site in the largest markets such as North America, Japan or China.
We are able to offer an up-to-date analysis of facts and figures, estimates and trends in the global operator and plant market for those involved in waste disposal, suppliers of equipment, the components industry, operators, professional associations, research institutes and consultants. The analysis has been prepared on the basis of our knowledge of the market and a detailed investigation.
The market study on world waste incineration plant market 2008/2009 contains:
A detailed analysis of all the significant, political, economic, management and technical trends in waste incineration.
An accurate country-by-country assessment of the current and future market volume up until and including 2012, based on transparent and coherent methodology.
A list of projects with 290 new build, improvement and renewal projects, with more than 60 of these being in progress, 20 having been approved, at least 150 at the planning stage and 50 under discussion.
A summary of more than 800 incineration plants throughout the world, including essential technical data and contact details.
A description of more than 1,850 incineration units with details about capacity, manufacturer and commissioning.
An analysis and summary of the main operators and plant construction firms in the world.
The study is available from 4,000.- Euro plus VAT.
Contact:Mark Döingecoprog GmbH
Tel. +49 (0) 221 788 03 88 0
Fax +49 (0) 221 788 03 88 10
m.doeing@ecoprog.com

7) Residual / Municipal Waste processing plant Spittelau, Austria
Flashback: As controversy as it may sound, but incineration can be viewed under the aspect of " energy on loan"; i.e. the reversal of the manufacturing process by giving off the potential energy content that is trapped: within. From a thermodynamic point of view, any incineration is the least feasible option, as the energy released is set free as heat and if not further used wasted for ever!Incineration of represents just one of several approaches to deal with the residual waste issue. Even though the combustion of garbage cannot be considered an environmental sound way, in certain cases it represents a sustainable remedy if landfill space is scarce and fossil fuel bills are breaking off huge chunks of a city's budget. The city of Vienna (AUT) operates two municipal waste incineration plants and employ "state of the art" filter technology. In order to deal with the waste of about 300 thousand households, the plants operate 24h a day, and almost 365 days a year. Their total capacity is designed to handle around 450 000 t/year.
One of the incinerators - the "Spittelau" plant - is located in the heart of the city. Combustion of chlorinated waste matter (e.g. PVC, salt, etc.) generates volatile halogen species that readily react with hydrocarbons to form highly toxic poly-chlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (PCDDs) and poly-chlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) - generally known as dioxins. Therefore, the filter ash from exhaust air purifiers are highly contaminated with these mutagenic chemicals. The filter ash of the Spittelau plant has a dioxin concentration of about 2.160mg TEQ/kg on average, which means a yearly output of more than 10g TEQ (toxic equivalent of 2,3,7,8,tetrachlor dibenzo-dioxin = TCDD). To reduce dioxin leaching into the environment, the filter ash is mixed into cement. The hardened blocks enable legal deposition along with household waste at Viennese landfills. Although glassification of filter ash would be a lot safer, it is currently not executed, as it is more expensive than the concrete alternative. Although the concrete blocks enriched with dioxin levels that high should be considered as hazardous waste and therefore not discharged in a common household landfill site, it is obviously common legal practice.
The plants location within the city boundaries is ideal from a logistical point of view; it cuts short the garbage truck collection and delivery radius, contributing to less greenhouse gas emission, as well as lowering fuel costs. As mentioned before, incineration of waste is not a genius approach but it considerably lowers the all over volumetric amount of the combusted material.
Though, the plant gains further recognition as the thermal energy output as a result of the combustive reaction feeds its process heat directly into the district-heating network of the city of Vienna, heating hospitals, homes, offices, etc. At current rates, the entire heating capacity of 60MW is able to heat about 15000 homes, each with an average floor space of about 80m2. This significantly reduces the total greenhouse gas output of the entire community and is also well in phase with the limits proposed by the Kyoto protocol - which aims to freeze global greenhouse gas production at levels of the early 1990's.
Even though recycling is practiced throughout the city of Vienna, the waste delivered still contains a high enough combustible fractions in form of paper, plastic, and compound products to maintain a self-combusting reaction. The furnace itself is kept at a minimal combustion temperature of 800°C; and fed with a flowrate of about 18 tons of waste per hour. In very rare cases, when the minimal caloric value of the garbage (8.6MJ/kg) is not reached, additional natural gas is used to overcome the activation energy required starting the reaction. The solid fraction resulting from the incineration process includes ashes, scrap metals, and other incombustible materials. In general, some 280kg of ashcake are obtained when 1000kg of waste are burnt; i.e. the equivalent of 28%. It is filtered, and screened for any metallic compounds, before being partly used as an additive in the cement industry (used only in special industrial applications - like the inner/outer sealing strips of landfills, etc.). The scrap metal fraction is forwarded to the smelter industry, while the remaining mineralized fraction is discharged in landfills.
For final deposition, refer to the landfill-section. The hot combustion gases at the site of generation - peak at 850°C. Being too hot to be used safely, they are cooled down by heating up a substantial mass of water. This pool of water in turns drives a steam turbine, which provides enough electricity to cover the energetic requirements of the entire plant. To further increase the plant's efficiency, the remaining heat contained in the condensed water column is then fed into the district-heating network of the city of Vienna.
In a final step, the cooled combustion gases are further processed by passing them through several stages of electro-mechanical filter stages, sprinklers, and neutralization chambers to eliminate and hinder any re-formation of toxic gasses (mostly dioxins, furans, HCl, SO2, etc.). The currently used filtering technique yields cleansing results that are far below current legal limits.The water required for the cleansing of the combustion gasses are purified within the plant itself and discharged into the nearby Danube river.
For waste water treatment, see also the sewage-section.
References:
Fernwärme Wien (1998); Spittelauer Lände; A-1090 Wien – AT
25 Jahre Spittelau (1996); Fernwärme Wien GmbH; Spittelauer Lände; A-1090 Wien - AT

For additional information visit the RWI web-site or any of the other sites listed below:
http://www.kunsthauswien.comhttp:// www.kunsthauswien.com/english/joingame.htm
http://www.fernwaerme.co.at
http://www.ubavie.gv.at
http:// www.greenpeace.org/~toxics/html/content/aust2info.html
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atwhttp:// www.metsoautomation.com
http://www.rvf.se/ - solidly fixing dioxin.pdf